internet of things (IoT)

The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.That includes an extraordinary number of objects of all shapes and sizes – from smart microwaves, which automatically cook your food for the right length of time, to self-driving cars, whose complex sensors detect objects in their path, to wearable fitness devices that measure your heart rate and the number of steps you’ve taken that day, then use that information to suggest exercise plans tailored to you.

How does IOT works

An IoT consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded systems, such as processors, sensors and communication hardware, to collect, send and act on data they acquire from their environments. It system consists of sensors/devices which “talk” to the cloud through some kind of connectivity. Once the data gets to the cloud, software processes it and then might decide to perform an action, such as sending an alert or automatically adjusting the sensors/devices without the need for the user.The devices do most of the work without human intervention, although people can interact with the devices — for instance, to set them up,

For example, if I own a car manufacturing business, I might want to know which optional components (leather seats or alloy wheels, for example) are the most popular. Using Internet of Things technology, I can:

Use sensors to detect which areas in a showroom are the most popular, and where customers linger longest;
Drill down into the available sales data to identify which components are selling fastest;
Automatically align sales data with supply, so that popular items don’t go out of stock.

IoT benefits to organizations

monitor their overall business processes;
improve the customer experience (CX);
save time and money;
enhance employee productivity;
integrate and adapt business models;
make better business decisions; and
generate more revenue.

IoT can benefit farmers in agriculture by making their job easier. Sensors can collect data on rainfall, humidity, temperature and soil content, as well as other factors, that would help automate farming techniques.And the ability to monitor operations surrounding infrastructure is also a factor that IoT can help with. Sensors, for example, could be used to monitor events or changes within structural buildings, bridges and other infrastructure. This brings benefits with it, such as cost saving, saved time, quality-of-life workflow changes and paperless workflow.

IoT standards and frameworks

IPv6
ZigBee
LiteOS
OneM2M
Data Distribution Service (DDS)
Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP)
Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN)

Internet Of Things (IoT) — security, privacy, applications & trends

If you want to understand Internet of Things (IoT), let’s have a look at the term “thing.” Any physical device can be a “thing” (in terms of IoT). For example, it could be smartphones, washing machines, televisions, wearable devices, lamps, headphones, vehicles, buildings and anything possible that can be thought ofIn 2016, one of the most notorious recent IoT attacks was Mirai, a botnet that infiltrated domain name server provider Dyn and took down many websites for an extended period of time in one of the biggest distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks ever seen. Attackers gained access to the network by exploiting poorly secured IoT devices.
Additionally, connected devices often ask users to input their personal information, including names, ages,
Security Risks
- IoT devices are connected to your desktop or laptop. Lack of security increases the risk of your personal information leaking while the data is collected and transmitted to the IoT device.
- IoT devices are connected with a consumer network. This network is also connected with other systems. So if the IoT device contains any security vulnerabilities, it can be harmful to the consumer’s network. This vulnerability can attack other systems and damage them.
- Sometimes unauthorized people might exploit the security vulnerabilities to create risks to physical safety.
- Privacy Risks
  - In IoT, devices are interconnected with various hardware and software, so there are obvious chances of sensitive information leaking through unauthorized manipulation.
  - All the devices are transmitting the user’s personal information such as name, address, date of birth, health card information, credit card detail and much more without encryption.